[{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/www.equis.cz\/vynalezce-otto-wichterle-pouzil-k-vyrobe-kontaktnich-cocek-detskou-stavebnici\/#Article","mainEntityOfPage":"https:\/\/www.equis.cz\/vynalezce-otto-wichterle-pouzil-k-vyrobe-kontaktnich-cocek-detskou-stavebnici\/","headline":"Vyn\u00e1lezce Otto Wichterle pou\u017eil k v\u00fdrob\u011b kontaktn\u00edch \u010do\u010dek d\u011btskou stavebnici","name":"Vyn\u00e1lezce Otto Wichterle pou\u017eil k v\u00fdrob\u011b kontaktn\u00edch \u010do\u010dek d\u011btskou stavebnici","description":"Prvn\u00ed kontaktn\u00ed \u010do\u010dky byly tvrd\u00e9 a jejich v\u00fdroba za\u010dala ji\u017e v roce 1887. Po\u010d\u00e1te\u010dn\u00edm materi\u00e1lem bylo sklo, kter\u00e9 se odl\u00e9valo nejprve podle modelu rohovky, pozd\u011bji na m\u00edru t\u00e9 pacientovy. Pozd\u011bji se \u010do\u010dky za\u010daly vyr\u00e1b\u011bt z leh\u010d\u00edho materi\u00e1lu, plexiskla, kter\u00e9 bylo","datePublished":"2020-01-13","dateModified":"2023-05-05","author":{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/www.equis.cz\/author\/#Person","name":"","url":"https:\/\/www.equis.cz\/author\/","identifier":1,"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/0c4621640b5c0734669aeb181ef77969b528487727344f28e734a206566ea0f1?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/0c4621640b5c0734669aeb181ef77969b528487727344f28e734a206566ea0f1?s=96&d=mm&r=g","height":96,"width":96}},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"equis.cz","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"\/logo.png","url":"\/logo.png","width":600,"height":60}},"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/www.equis.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/img_a366889_w4379_t1579420744.jpg","url":"https:\/\/www.equis.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/img_a366889_w4379_t1579420744.jpg","height":0,"width":0},"url":"https:\/\/www.equis.cz\/vynalezce-otto-wichterle-pouzil-k-vyrobe-kontaktnich-cocek-detskou-stavebnici\/","about":["V\u011bda"],"wordCount":442,"articleBody":"Prvn\u00ed kontaktn\u00ed \u010do\u010dky byly tvrd\u00e9 a jejich v\u00fdroba za\u010dala ji\u017e v roce 1887. Po\u010d\u00e1te\u010dn\u00edm materi\u00e1lem bylo sklo, kter\u00e9 se odl\u00e9valo nejprve podle modelu rohovky, pozd\u011bji na m\u00edru t\u00e9 pacientovy. Pozd\u011bji se \u010do\u010dky za\u010daly vyr\u00e1b\u011bt z leh\u010d\u00edho materi\u00e1lu, plexiskla, kter\u00e9 bylo vynalezeno v roce 1933, co\u017e zlep\u0161ilo usazen\u00ed \u010do\u010dky v oku.
 
 V roce 1952 cestoval v\u011bdec Otto Wichterle vlakem a se spolucestuj\u00edc\u00edm doktorem hovo\u0159il o chirurgick\u00e9 n\u00e1hrad\u011b oka. Profesora Vysok\u00e9 \u0161koly chemicko-technologick\u00e9 napadla jako vhodn\u00fd materi\u00e1l um\u011bl\u00e1 hmota. Za\u010dal pracovat spolu se sv\u00fdm asistentem a \u017e\u00e1kem Drahoslavem L\u00edmem na v\u00fdvoji polymeru, kter\u00fd by byl pro oko snadno snesiteln\u00fd. Takov\u00fdm se uk\u00e1zal hydrofiln\u00ed gel HEMA gel, kter\u00fd si posl\u00e9ze nechali patentovat. Neda\u0159ilo se ho v\u0161ak spr\u00e1vn\u011b zpracovat kv\u016fli trh\u00e1n\u00ed odlitk\u016f a jejich nepravideln\u00fdm okraj\u016fm. V roce 1958 byl ale na z\u00e1klad\u011b politick\u00e9 \u010distky Wichterle z univerzity propu\u0161t\u011bn a jeho v\u00fdzkum tak zastaven.
 T\u00e9ho\u017e roku byl v\u0161ak Wichterle jmenov\u00e1n vedouc\u00edm laborato\u0159e \u00dastavu makromolekul\u00e1rn\u00ed chemie na \u010ceskoslovensk\u00e9 akademii v\u011bd v Praze a v\u00fdzkum tak mohl pokra\u010dovat zde. S pomoc\u00ed sv\u00fdch koleg\u016f vynalezl techniku odl\u00e9v\u00e1n\u00ed gelu do sklen\u011bn\u00fdch forem, kdy \u010do\u010dka z\u00edskala optiku, neboli proch\u00e1zen\u00ed sv\u011btla, p\u0159esn\u011b ve st\u0159edn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti. Hotov\u00e9 odlitky se za spolupr\u00e1ce l\u00e9ka\u0159\u016f za\u010daly aplikovat prvn\u00edm pacient\u016fm 2. o\u010dn\u00ed kliniky v Praze. M\u011bkk\u00fd materi\u00e1l \u010do\u010dek pacienty t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 nedr\u00e1\u017edil a dokonale se p\u0159izp\u016fsoboval tvaru oka. \u010co\u010dky ale byly mal\u00e9 kv\u016fli obru\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed okraj\u016f.
 
 V roce 1961 Ministerstvo zdravotnictv\u00ed zru\u0161ilo v\u00fdzkum kv\u016fli mal\u00e9mu zisku z n\u011bho. Wichterle proto pokra\u010doval doma s nov\u00fdm n\u00e1padem na vylep\u0161en\u00ed v\u00fdroby \u010do\u010dek. Sestavil z d\u011btsk\u00e9 stavebnice Merkur p\u0159\u00edstroj poh\u00e1n\u011bn\u00fd motorkem, kter\u00fd vyr\u00e1b\u011bl \u010do\u010dky metodou monomern\u00edho odst\u0159ediv\u00e9ho odl\u00e9v\u00e1n\u00ed v rotuj\u00edc\u00edch form\u00e1ch. Po pozitivn\u00edm ozkou\u0161en\u00ed v\u00fdsledk\u016f t\u00e9to metody na klinice pokra\u010doval Wichterle d\u00e1le ve v\u00fdvoji v\u00fdzkumu \u010do\u010dek.
 I p\u0159es patentov\u00e1n\u00ed vyn\u00e1lez\u016f byla roku 1965 totalitn\u00edm re\u017eimem t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 dokonal\u00e1 metoda v\u00fdroby Otty Wichterleho prod\u00e1na do USA. Licen\u010dn\u00ed pr\u00e1va tak z\u00edskala americk\u00e1 firma a dal\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdvoj a v\u00fdroba \u010do\u010dek tak pokra\u010dovala v konkuren\u010dn\u00edch zahrani\u010dn\u00edch firm\u00e1ch.
 
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         3.9\/5 - (13 votes)        "},{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BreadcrumbList","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Vyn\u00e1lezce Otto Wichterle pou\u017eil k v\u00fdrob\u011b kontaktn\u00edch \u010do\u010dek d\u011btskou stavebnici","item":"https:\/\/www.equis.cz\/vynalezce-otto-wichterle-pouzil-k-vyrobe-kontaktnich-cocek-detskou-stavebnici\/#breadcrumbitem"}]}]